Visit to ancient thamood village.
The oldest known reference to Thamud is a 715 BC inscription of the Assyrian king Sargon II, which mentions them as being among the people of central and eastern Arabia subjugated by the Assyrians. According to Islamic tradition, the Thamūdi existed much earlier than this, whose ancestors are said to be Iram and Ars (identified as the Biblical Aram and Uz).
They are referred to as ‘Tamudaei’ in the writings of Aristo of Chios, Ptolemy, and Pliny.
The Qur’an
Like the ʿĀd, the Quran mentions the Thamud in Surah Al-A'raf in the context of several prophets who warned their people of coming judgment. The verses advise Thamud to take warning from the destruction of ʿĀd:
To the Thamud people (We sent) their brother Salih. He said, “O my people! worship Allah: you have no other deity other than Him. There has come to you clear evidence from your Lord. This is the she-camel of God sent to you as a Sign. So leave her to eat within God's land, and do not touch her with harm, lest there seize you a painful punishment.
And remember when He made you successors after ʿĀd and settled you in the land, and you take for yourselves palaces from its plains and carve from the mountains, homes. Then remember the favors of God and do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption.”
— Qur'an, Surah 7 (Al-A'raf), ayah 73-74
This verse suggests some kind of relationship between ʿĀd and Thamud, and ʿĀd may even have been a part of Thamud's history and culture. However the ʿĀd lived in the Hadhramaut region of present-day Yemen, unlike the Thamud, who lived in the Hejaz region, near present-day Arabia. Just as Nuh's (Noah) people were seen as the ancestors of ʿĀd, it seems ʿĀd were seen in a similar relation to Thamud. On the other hand there is evidence that shows that the Thamūd, just like the 'Ād, originated in southern Arabia and later on moved north.[6][7]
The ʿĀd were a people living in southern Arabia.
A bit further on from the passage quoted above, the Quran says,
So they hamstrung the she-camel, and were insolent toward the command of their lord and said, “O Salih, bring us what you promise us, if you should be of the messengers.”
So the earthquake seized them, and they became within their home (corpses) fallen prone.
— Qur'an, Surah 7 (Al-A'raf), ayat 77-78
In Surah Al-Qamar it says “Indeed, we sent upon them one shriek (i.e, blast from the sky), and they became like the dry twig fragments of an (animal) pen.”
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