Today, CancerBro will explain pancreatic cancer TNM staging. Watch this video to better understand the stages of pancreatic cancer and subscribe to our YouTube channel.
Video Transcript:
CancerBro, in my treatment summary, it was mentioned T2 N1 M0. What does that mean?
TNM is the staging system used for pancreatic cancer.
It is called as T1, when the tumor is less than 2 cm in size.
T2 when the tumor is 2 to 4 cm in size.
And T3, when the tumor is more than 4 cm in size. In T1 to T3 disease, the tumor maybe limited to the pancreas, and maybe located in the head of pancreas. Or tail, or any other part of pancreas.
Or else, it may extend beyond the pancreas to involve the adjacent structures.
In this figure, cancer in the head of pancreas invades the duodenum.
Here, cancer in pancreatic tail, invades the spleen. Here it extends to the left kidney and suprarenal gland. It may also extend also extend above, to involve splenic artery. Or behind, to invade the superior mesentric vein. Or splenic vein. Or portal vein.
Now we come to the T4 disease. In this figure, the cancer has spread beyond the pancreas, to involve the common hepatic artery.
Infiltration into coeliac artery is also T4 disease. So is the involvement of superior mesenteric artery.
So is the involvement of superior mesentric artery.
Now we come to the N staging or the nodal staging for pancreatic cancer.
It is called as positive disease if the cancer extends to involve the regional lymph nodes.
Regional lymph nodes may be different for head, body, and the tail of pancreas.
Lastly, we come to the M staging or the metastatic staging for the pancreatic cancer. It is called as M1 when there is a spread of tumor to distant organs.
In this figure, it has spread to the peritonium, in form of multiple peritoneal deposits.
And here, it has spreas to the liver in form of multiple nodular deposits. This figure shows the spread of the tumor to the lungs.
Very rarely, it may also spread to brain or bones.
So this was the TNM staging for pancreatic cancer.
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