An Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, Galileo Galilei was born on 15 February 1564 to Vincenzo Galilei and Giulia Ammannati. Galileo has been referred as not only the “father of observational astronomy”, but also the “father of modern physics”, the “father of scientific method”, and even the “father of science”. His impacts to observational astronomy consist of the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the finding of the four largest satellites of Jupiter which are named the Galilean moons in his honour), and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, formulating an improved military compass and other instruments. During his lifetime, most of the people supported to either geocentrism or the Tychonic system so Galileo’s advocating of heliocentrism and Copernicanism was debateable then.
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