(a)*describe the formation of a covalent bond by the sharing of a pair of electrons in order to gain the
electronic confi guration of an inert gas
(b) describe, using ‘dot-and-cross’ diagrams, the formation of covalent bonds between non-metallic
elements, e.g. H2; Cl2; O2; HCl; N2; H2O; CH4; C2H4; CO2
(c) deduce the arrangement of electrons in other covalent molecules
(d) relate the physical properties (including electrical properties) of covalent compounds to their
structure and bonding
